The Kola Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) also known as Kolsk NPP or Kolskaya NPP, is a nuclear power plant in northern Russia.

The Phase 1 (No. 1 and 2 reactors) at the Kola NPP went online in 1973 and 1974, respectively, and are part of Russia’s first generation of PWR reactors (the VVER 440/230 type). The Phase 2 (No. 2 and 3 reactors) went online in 1981 and 1984 with improved VVER 440/213 type.

Phase 1 reactors were designed to work for 30 years and were originally slated to be shut down in 2003 and 2004. However the shutdown did not happen. Instead, the operational life spans of the reactors were extended, after massive safety upgrade effort that included about 200 safety systems upgrade projects and was financed in part by governments of Norway, Sweden, Finland and USA

Kola Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) produces about half of all Murmansk Oblast's energy. It is a similar type of reactor to Finland's Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant, which conforms to regulatory requirements commonly considered to be the most stringent in the world.

Reactor data

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant has four units:

Unit	Reactor type	Net capacity	Gross capacity	Commercial Operation	Shutdown
Kola-1	VVER-440/230	411 MW	440 MW	28.12.1973	2018
Kola-2	VVER-440/230	411 MW	440 MW	21.02.1975	2019
Kola-3	VVER-440/213	411 MW	440 MW	03.12.1982	2036
Kola-4	VVER-440/213	411 MW	440 MW	06.12.1984	2014

Campaign to close the station

Several Environment movement groups support media campaign to close Kola NPP citing safety concerns with Phase 1 reactors and alleged violations of Russian law during issue of operating permit extensions. For comparison, relatively closely located Finland's Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant that uses the same reactor type as Kola phase 1 reactors (VVER 440/230 type) operational since 1977, doesn't draw criticism from the same influence groups.

The license for phase 1 reactors five-year operation extensions, granted by the Russian Federation's civilian nuclear regulator Gosatomnadzor (FSETAN’s predecessor), were issued without conducting an obligatory state environmental impact study. Conducting such federal level studies is mandated by the law "On Environmental Impact Studies" in Article 11.

The first extension for the old reactors was issued in summer 2003, almost precisely after former Deputy Minister of Atomic Energy Andrei Malyshev was installed as Gosatomnadzor’s chief. He replaced Yury Vishnevsky at this post. Vishnevsky had been an outspoken critic of the former Ministry of Atomic Energy, now known as the Federal Agency for Atomic energy, or Rosatom.

In April 2005, the Murmansk Regional Prosecutor issued a recommendation to resolve the violations surrounding the reactor life-span extensions and force regulatory bodies and Rosenergoatom, Russian's nuclear power plant operations conglomerate, to carry out the environmental impact studies. But none of this took place.

The Murmansk Prosecutors again ordered the state structures to fulfill the earlier order, but was again unsuccessful. Norway's Nature and Youth and Norway-based Bellona’s "Environment and Rights" magazine first drew the attention of prosecutors to the illegality of prolonging the life-spans of the reactors in 2004.

Rostekhnadzor subsequently issued a license for the fifteen year life extension of Unit 1 in June 2008, after further reviews, inspections and upgrade work.

Kola Nuclear Power Plant
Country	Russia
Status	Operational
Construction began	1970
Commission date	28 December 1973
Operator(s)	Energoatom
Reactor information
Reactors operational	4 x 440 MW
Power generation information
Annual generation	9,846 GW·h
Net generation	275,825 GW·h

Volgodonsk Nuclear Power Plant or Rostov Nuclear Power Plant is a Russian nuclear power plant located on the left bank of the Tsimlyansk reservoir in the lower stream of the Don River near Volgodonsk, Rostov Oblast.

Construction of Rostov reactor No. 1 began in 1977 and operations began in 2001. Construction of reactor No. 2 commenced in 1983 and finished in 2009. In 2009 work on reactor No. 3 was restarted and work on No. 4 is being scheduled as well. Completion of No. 3 is planned for 2013. Units No. 3 and 4 will be an upgraded VVER-1000/320 subtype.

Four units are planned in total.

Unit	Reactor type	Net capacity	Gross capacity	Commercial Operation
Rostov 1	VVER-1000/320	950 MW	1000 MW	December 25, 2001
Rostov 2	VVER-1000/320	950 MW	1000 MW	December 19, 2009
Rostov 3	VVER-1000/320	1011 MW	1070 MW	(2013)
Rostov 4	VVER-1000/320	1011 MW	1070 MW	(2014)

Rostov Nuclear Power Plant
Country	Russia
Locale	Volgodonsk
Status	Operational
Owner(s)	Rosenergoatom
Operator(s)	Rosenergoatom
Reactor information
Reactors operational	2 x 1000 MW
Reactors under construction	2 x 1070 MW
Reactor type(s)	VVER-1000/320

The Novovoronezh nuclear power station is a nuclear power station close to Novovoronezh in Voronezh Oblast, central Russia. The site was vital to the development of the VVER design; every unit built was essentially a prototype of its design. On this site is built the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II.

In 2010 Novovoronezh-5 was shut down for modernization to extend its operating life for an additional 30 years, the first VVER-1000 to undergo such an operating life extension. The works include the modernization of management, protection and emergency systems, and improvement of security and radiation safety systems.

The Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant has five units:

Unit	Reactortype	Net capacity	Gross capacity	Commercial Operation	Shutdown
Novovoronezh-1	VVER-210 (prototype)	197 MW	210 MW	31.12.1964	16.02.1988
Novovoronezh-2	VVER-365 (prototype)	336 MW	365 MW	14.04.1970	29.08.1990
Novovoronezh - 3	VVER-440/179	385 MW	417 MW	29.06.1972	2016 planned
Novovoronezh-4	VVER-440/179	385 MW	417 MW	24.03.1973	2017 planned
Novovoronezh-5	VVER-1000/187 (Prototype)	950 MW	1000 MW	20.02.1981	life-extended in 2010

Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant
Country	Russia
Status	Operational
Construction began	1957
Commission date	December 31, 1964
Operator(s)	Energoatom
Reactor information
Reactors operational	2 x 417 MW 1 x 1000 MW
Reactors decom.	1 x 210 MW 1 x 365 MW
Power generation information
Annual generation	12,523 GW·h
Net generation	348,579 GW·h

Smolensk Nuclear power station, or Smolensk NPP, is a nuclear power station in Russia. It is located in the Smolensk region, in Desnogorsk province, approximately 150 km from Smolensk, 120 km from Bryansk and 320 km from Moscow. Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant is the biggest NPP in the Nechernozem region of Russia.

Smolensk Nuclear power station operates three RBMK-1000 reactors (1000MW water-cooled graphite-moderated channel-type reactors). The plant was supposed to have four units but the construction of the 4^th reactor was stopped in 1986 following the Chernobyl disaster.

All the units are equipped with emergency response systems, which can prevent release of radioactive material into the environment even in case of serious accident; for example breakage of pipes in the reactor cooling circuit. The reactor cooling circuit is housed in hermetic reinforced concrete boxes that can withstand a force of 4.5 kg/cm².

Unit	Reactor type	Net capacity	Gross capacity
Smolensk - 1	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW
Smolensk - 2	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW
Smolensk - 3	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW
Smolensk - 4	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW

Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant
Country	Russia
Coordinates	54°10′8.98″N 33°14′47.89″E / 54.1691611°N 33.2466361°E / 54.1691611; 33.2466361
Status	Operational
Construction began	October 1, 1975
Commission date	December 9, 1982
Operator(s)	Energoatom
Reactor information
Reactors operational	3 x 1000 MW
Power generation information
Annual generation	5093 GW·h
Net generation	118,699 GW·h

Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant located in the town of Sosnovy Bor in Russia's Leningrad Oblast, on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland, some 70 kilometers to the west of the city centre of Saint Petersburg. It consists of four nuclear reactors of RBMK-1000 type. These reactors are identical to reactors No. 1 and 2 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Four units of VVER-1200 type are under construction at the same site to replace the current RBMK reactors ( Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant II).

In 1975 there was reportedly a partial meltdown in Leningrad reactor Unit 1 that released 1.5 MCi into the environment.

In March 1992, an accident at the Sosnovy Bor nuclear plant leaked radioactive gases and iodine into the air through a ruptured fuel channel. This was the first accident at the station that was announced in the news media.

In December 2005, a private company reprocessing scrap metal at the facility was operating a non-nuclear smelter, which overheated and exploded spraying molten metal across a large area and starting several fires. Three workers were burned in the explosion, with two experiencing burns over 90 percent of their bodies.

On August 27, 2009 the third unit was stopped when a hole was found in the discharge header of a pump. According to the automated radiation control system, the radiation situation at the plant and in its 30 kilometer monitoring zone was normal. The plant's management refuted rumors of an accident and stated that the third Unit was stopped for a "short-term unscheduled maintenance", with a restart scheduled for 31st August 2009. The Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter published a short notice on the 29th of August claiming a coolant leak at the plant. The problem is described as serious but without any immediate risk of radiation in the surrounding environment. The article refers to a statement by the Finnish authority Säteilyturvakeskus.

Unit	Reactor type	Net capacity	Gross capacity	Shutdown
Leningrad - 1	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW	2018 planned
Leningrad - 2	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW	2020 planned
Leningrad - 3	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW	-
Leningrad - 4	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1,000 MW

Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant
Data
Country	Russia
Operator	Energoatom
Built	March 1, 1970
Start of commercial operation	November 1, 1974
Reactors
Reactors active	4 (4,000 MW)
Power
Total power generation in 2006	21,208 GW·h
Average annual generation (last 5 yrs)	22,327 GW·h
Net generation	655,180 GW·h
Status	Operating

The Nuclear power station Kursk located in western Russia on the bank of the Seym River about 40 kilometers west of the city of Kursk. The nearby town of Kurchatov was founded when construction of the plant began. The plant feeds the grid for Kursk Oblast and 19 other regions.

The reactors at the plant are the now obsolete RBMK type, the same type used at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The plant was originally equipped with two reactors. Four more reactors were added between 1976 and 1985.

The Kursk Nuclear Power Plant and the neighbouring town of Kurchatov stood in for the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and Pripyat for the production of the 1991 American television movie Chernobyl: The Final Warning.

The Kursk Nuclear Power Plant has six units and the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant II has one unit:

Unit	Reactortype	Net capacity	Gross capacity	Construction started	Electricity Grid	Commercial Operation
Kursk 1	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1.000 MW	01.06.1972	19.12.1976	12.10.1977
Kursk 2	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1.000 MW	01.01.1973	28.01.1979	17.08.1979
Kursk 3	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1.000 MW	01.04.1978	17.10.1983	30.03.1984
Kursk 4	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1.000 MW	01.05.1981	02.12.1985	05.02.1986
Kursk 5	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1.000 MW	01.12.1985	31.12.2010 planned	-
Kursk 6	RBMK-1000	925 MW	1.000 MW	01.08.1986	-	-
Kursk II-1	VVER-1200/491	1000 MW	1.170 MW	-	-	-

Kursk Nuclear Power Plant
Data
Country	Russia
Operator	Energoatom
Built	June 1, 1972
Start of commercial operation	October 12, 1977
Reactors
Reactors active	4 (4,000 MW)
Reactors under construction	1 (1,000 MW)
Reactors canceled	1 (1,000 MW)
Power
Total power generation in 2006	22,760 GW·h
Average annual generation (last 5 yrs)	21,963 GW·h
Net generation	536,921 GW·h
Status	Operating