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Showing posts with label Power Plant in Japan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Power Plant in Japan. Show all posts
Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant
6:46 AM
The Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant located in the town of Higashidōri in eastern Aomori Prefecture, on the Shimokita Peninsula, facing the Pacific Ocean. It is unique in Japan in that at this four-unit site, two units are run by one company, the Tōhoku Electric Power Company and two units are run by the Tokyo Electric Power Company. The reactors are all of Toshiba design.
Construction of Tohoku Electric's Higashidori Unit-1 began in December 1998 and was completed in December 2005. The design was based on Tohoku Electric's Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant Unit-3, with improvements to the reactor vessel to allow for greater ease in inspection and maintenance. A separate building, apart from the containment structure, is dedicated specifically for the heat exchanger system based on seawater to provide primary coolant for the reactor.
Reactors Run by Tohoku Electric Company
| Unit | Type | First Criticality | Electric Power |
|---|---|---|---|
| Higashidori - 1 | BWR | December 8, 2005 | 1100 MW |
| Higashidori - 2 (planned) | ABWR | Construction will start 2010 | 1385 MW |
Reactors run by Tokyo Electric Company
Tepco began construction of its Higashidori-1 unit on January 25, 2011, after approval by METI.
| Unit | Type | First Criticality | Electric Power |
|---|---|---|---|
| Higashidori - 1 (planned) | ABWR | scheduled for completion in March 2017 | 1385 MW |
| Higashidori - 2 (planned) | ABWR | scheduled for completion in 2019 | 1385 MW |
| Higashidōri Nuclear Power Plant | |
|---|---|
| Country | Japan |
| Construction began | 2000 |
| Commission date | December 8, 2005 |
| Operator(s) | Tōhoku Electric Power Company Tokyo Electric Power Company |
| Reactor information | |
| Reactors operational | 1 x 1100 MW |
| Reactors planned | 3 x 1385 MW |
| Power generation information | |
| Annual generation | 9,269 GW·h |
| Net generation | 12,197 GW·h |
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant
12:57 PM
The Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant is a large, modern (housing the world's first ABWR) nuclear power plant on a 4.2 square kilometer site including land in the towns of Kashiwazaki and Kariwa in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan on the coast of the Sea of Japan, from where it gets cooling water. The plant is owned and operated by The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO).
It is the largest nuclear generating station in the world by net electrical power rating. It was near the epicenter of the strongest earthquake to ever occur at a nuclear plant, the Mw 6.6 July 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake. This shook the plant beyond design basis and initiated an extended shutdown for inspection, which indicated that greater earthquake-proofing was needed before operation could be resumed.
The nuclear power plant was completely shut down for 21 months following the earthquake. On May 9, 2009, one unit (Unit 7) was restarted, after seismic upgrades. A second unit was restarted in August 2009, Unit 6.
Reactors
There are seven units, which are all lined up along the coast line. Numbering starts at Unit 1 with the south-most unit up to Unit 4, then there is a large green space in between Unit 4 and 5, then it continues with Units 6 and 7, the newest of the reactors.
The power installation costs for units at this site well reflect the general trend in costs of nuclear plants. Capital costs increased through the 1980s but have become cheaper in modern times. The last two units were the first Advanced Boiling Water Reactors (ABWRs) ever built.
Performance
Such a large plant size has several economic advantages, one of these advantages is very little effect on net power production due to refueling outages of individual units. A smooth transition was seen in the power production history of the plant up through the time the last two units were built. Unfortunately, since completion the plant has seen two events that caused the entire plant to be shut down. The last of these two events is ongoing and data is not available yet, data for the rest of the plant's history is shown below:
2002 Scandal shut downs
The reactors at the KK plant were shut down one by one after the discovery of deliberate falsification of data. The first one was taken offline September 9, 2002 and the last one was taken offline January 27, 2003. The newest units, the more inherently safe ABWRs, were taken back online the quickest and suffered the smallest effect. Units 1, 2, and 3 on the other hand, generated no electricity whatsoever during the entire fiscal year of 2003.
Fuel
All reactors continue to use low-enriched Uranium as the nuclear fuel, however, there have been plans drafted by Tepco to use MOX fuel in some of the reactors by the permission of the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC). A public referendum in the Kariwa village in 2001 voted 53% against use of the new fuel. After the 2002 Tepco data fabrication scandals, the president at the time, Nobuya Minami, announced that plans to use the MOX fuel at the KK plant would be suspended indefinitely.
It is the largest nuclear generating station in the world by net electrical power rating. It was near the epicenter of the strongest earthquake to ever occur at a nuclear plant, the Mw 6.6 July 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake. This shook the plant beyond design basis and initiated an extended shutdown for inspection, which indicated that greater earthquake-proofing was needed before operation could be resumed.
The nuclear power plant was completely shut down for 21 months following the earthquake. On May 9, 2009, one unit (Unit 7) was restarted, after seismic upgrades. A second unit was restarted in August 2009, Unit 6.
Reactors
There are seven units, which are all lined up along the coast line. Numbering starts at Unit 1 with the south-most unit up to Unit 4, then there is a large green space in between Unit 4 and 5, then it continues with Units 6 and 7, the newest of the reactors.
The power installation costs for units at this site well reflect the general trend in costs of nuclear plants. Capital costs increased through the 1980s but have become cheaper in modern times. The last two units were the first Advanced Boiling Water Reactors (ABWRs) ever built.
| KK - 1 | KK - 2 | KK - 3 | KK - 4 | KK - 5 | KK - 6 | KK - 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reactor Type | BWR | BWR | BWR | BWR | BWR | ABWR | ABWR |
| Net Power (MW) | 1,067 | 1,067 | 1,067 | 1,067 | 1,067 | 1,315 | 1,315 |
| Gross Power (MW) | 1,100 | 1,100 | 1,100 | 1,100 | 1,100 | 1,356 | 1,356 |
| Installation Costs (1,000 yen/kW) | 330 | 360 | 310 | 310 | 420 | 310 | 280 |
Performance
Such a large plant size has several economic advantages, one of these advantages is very little effect on net power production due to refueling outages of individual units. A smooth transition was seen in the power production history of the plant up through the time the last two units were built. Unfortunately, since completion the plant has seen two events that caused the entire plant to be shut down. The last of these two events is ongoing and data is not available yet, data for the rest of the plant's history is shown below:
| Unit 1 | Unit 2 | Unit 3 | Unit 4 | Unit 5 | Unit 6 | Unit 7 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 4.960 | 4.960 | ||||||
| 1986 | 6.704 | 6.704 | ||||||
| 1987 | 9.195 | 9.195 | ||||||
| 1988 | 6.960 | 6.960 | ||||||
| 1989 | 6.442 | 1.041 | 7.484 | |||||
| 1990 | 5.987 | 5.386 | 7.911 | 19.284 | ||||
| 1991 | 9.032 | 6.642 | 7.093 | 22.767 | ||||
| 1992 | 6.958 | 9.047 | 0.053 | 6.977 | 23.035 | |||
| 1993 | 6.874 | 7.213 | 6.488 | 0.012 | 9.238 | 29.825 | ||
| 1994 | 7.020 | 7.291 | 7.264 | 6.040 | 7.155 | 34.771 | ||
| 1995 | 9.235 | 7.697 | 9.254 | 6.182 | 7.508 | 39.877 | ||
| 1996 | 6.814 | 8.811 | 7.922 | 8.068 | 7.906 | 5.663 | 0.058 | 45.242 |
| 1997 | 7.900 | 7.284 | 8.016 | 7.517 | 8.919 | 10.161 | 8.128 | 57.926 |
| 1998 | 6.176 | 8.142 | 6.748 | 9.259 | 7.353 | 10.702 | 9.716 | 58.095 |
| 1999 | 9.199 | 8.209 | 9.028 | 8.142 | 7.772 | 9.710 | 8.445 | 60.505 |
| 2000 | 7.715 | 8.140 | 7.945 | 6.919 | 7.043 | 9.412 | 11.240 | 58.413 |
| 2001 | 7.071 | 7.595 | 6.986 | 5.591 | 9.199 | 9.270 | 10.078 | 55.790 |
| 2002 | 5.906 | 5.866 | 5.576 | 9.240 | 8.191 | 11.504 | 7.990 | 54.273 |
| 2003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 4.186 | 1.503 | 8.401 | 5.778 | 19.869 |
| 2004 | 6.497 | 4.660 | 6.550 | 5.624 | 6.135 | 8.635 | 10.805 | 48.906 |
| 2005 | 3.126 | 6.388 | 6.062 | 7.192 | 6.853 | 11.126 | 7.977 | 48.725 |
| 2006 | 6.299 | 9.331 | 7.331 | 2.817 | 8.400 | 8.447 | 8.166 | 50.792 |
| 2007 | 3.165 | 1.830 | 5.054 | 5.061 | 0.0 | 3.758 | 6.358 | 25.226 |
| 2008 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
2002 Scandal shut downs
The reactors at the KK plant were shut down one by one after the discovery of deliberate falsification of data. The first one was taken offline September 9, 2002 and the last one was taken offline January 27, 2003. The newest units, the more inherently safe ABWRs, were taken back online the quickest and suffered the smallest effect. Units 1, 2, and 3 on the other hand, generated no electricity whatsoever during the entire fiscal year of 2003.
Fuel
All reactors continue to use low-enriched Uranium as the nuclear fuel, however, there have been plans drafted by Tepco to use MOX fuel in some of the reactors by the permission of the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC). A public referendum in the Kariwa village in 2001 voted 53% against use of the new fuel. After the 2002 Tepco data fabrication scandals, the president at the time, Nobuya Minami, announced that plans to use the MOX fuel at the KK plant would be suspended indefinitely.
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